క్రిందటి పోస్ట్ లో కొన్ని contractions వాడాం కదా. అసలు Contraction అంటే ఏమిటో చూద్దాం. మాతృభాషలో మాట్లాడేటప్పుడు తరచుగా use చేసే పదాలను కుదించి,కుంచించి మాట్లాడటం సర్వ సాధారణం. ఉదాహరణకు తెలుగులో మనం ఉంది(ఉన్నది), తిన్నాం(తిన్నాము), వెళ్తాం (వెళ్తాము) వంటి ఎన్నో పదాలను కుదించి ఉపయోగిస్తాము. ఇదే విధంగా English లో కూడా 100 కి పైగా Contractions ఉన్నాయి. ఐతే వీటిని తెలుసుకునే ముందు ఒక ముఖ్యమైన విషయం తెలుసుకోవాల్సి ఉంది. ఈ Contractions కేవలం spoken language కి మాత్రమే పరిమితం. అప్పుడప్పుడూ వ్రాత కూడా కనిపిస్తూ ఉంటాయి కానీ అక్కడ కూడా ఏదైన dialogue చెప్పవలసి వస్తే తప్ప వీటిని వాడకూడదు. వీటిని వ్రాతలో use చేసేటప్పుడు apostrophe(') వాడి, పదాన్ని కుంచింపచేస్తారు.
వీటి వాడకంలో కొన్ని common errors కూడా లేకపోలేదు. ఉదాహరణకు, it's, its ఈ రెండు పదాలు తరచుగా ఒకదాని బదులు మరొకటి వాడబడుతుంటాయి. it's అనేది it is/it has కి contraction కాగా its అంటే తన, తనయొక్క వంటి అర్ధం లో వాడుతారు.
His shirt,
her pen లాంటిదే
its tail.
So,
its my style అనేది తప్పు.
it's my style అనడం సబబు. అదే విధంగా my dog has
its own style not
it's own style.
అదే విధంగా they're, there/their కూడా తరచూ తప్పుగా వాడబడుతుంటాయి.
'They're వాళ్ళు, there- అక్కడ, their - వారియొక్క.
They're there with their own vehicle.
వీటి pronunciation కూడా పదాన్ని బట్టి కొంత వింతగా మారుతుంది. దీనికి సంబంధించిన విశేషాలను pronunciation కు సంబంధించిన పోస్ట్ లో మరింత చర్చించుకుందాం.
These are the common contractions used in spoken English.
ain't-am not [1]
aren't-are not [2]
can't-cannot
could've-could have
couldn't-could not
couldn't've-could not have
didn't-did not
doesn't-does not
don't-do not[3]
hadn't-had not
hadn't've-had not have
hasn't-has not
haven't-have not
he'd-he had / he would
he'd've-he would have
he'll-he shall / he will
he's-he has / he is
how'd-how did / how would
how'll-how will
how's-how has / how is / how does
I'd-I had / I would
I'd've-I would have
I'll-I shall / I will
I'm-I am
I've-I have
isn't-is not
it'd-it had / it would
it'd've-it would have
it'll-it shall / it will
it's-it has / it is
let's-let us
ma'am-madam
mightn't-might not
mightn't've-might not have
might've-might have
mustn't-must not
must've-must have
needn't-need not
not've-not have
o'clock-of the clock
shan't-shall not
she'd-she had / she would
she'd've-she would have
she'll-she shall / she will
she's-she has / she is
should've-should have
shouldn't-should not
shouldn't've-should not have
that'll-that will
that's-that has / that is
there'd-there had / there would
there'd've-there would have
there're-there are
there's-there has / there is
they'd-they had / they would
they'd've-they would have
they'll-they shall / they will
they're-they are
they've-they have
wasn't-was not
we'd-we had / we would
we'd've-we would have
we'll-we will
we're-we are
we've-we have
weren't-were not
what'll-what shall / what will
what're-what are
what's-what has / what is / what does
what've-what have
when's-when has / when is
where'd-where did
where's-where has / where is
where've-where have
who'd-who would / who had
who'll-who shall / who will
who're-who are
who's-who has / who is
who've-who have
why'll-why will
why're-why are
why's-why has / why is
won't-will not
would've-would have
wouldn't-would not
wouldn't've-would not have
y'all-you all
y'all'd've-you all should have / you all could have / you all would have
you'd-you had / you would
you'd've-you would have
you'll-you shall / you will
you're-you are
you've-you have
Synopsis:
- Its vs it's
- They're vs their vs there
- Pronunciation - ఉచ్చారణ
- apostrophe - Punctuation mark
